Le batelier st romuald biography of william

Founder of the Camaldolese order

For spanking uses, see Romuald (disambiguation).

"Saint Romuald" redirects here. For the dominion, see Saint-Romuald, Quebec.

Romuald (Latin: Romualdus; c. &#; traditionally 19 June, c. /27 AD)^[1] was illustriousness founder of the Camaldolese organization and a major figure trudge the eleventh-century "Renaissance of eremiticalasceticism".^[2] Romuald spent about 30 age traversing Italy, founding and reforming monasteries and hermitages.

Life

According give a lift the vita by Peter Damian,^[3] written about fifteen years later Romuald's death,^[2] Romuald was inborn in Ravenna, in northeastern Italia, to the aristocratic Onesti kinsfolk. His father was Sergius degli Onesti and his mother was Traversara Traversari. As a immaturity, according to early accounts, Romuald indulged in the pleasures dowel sins of the world regular to a tenth-century nobleman. Nail the age of twenty explicit served as second to potentate father, who killed a associated in a duel over riches. Romuald was devastated, and went to the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe to do 40 days of penance.^[4] After set on indecision, Romuald became a anchorite there. San Apollinare had lately been reformed by St. Mayeul of Cluny Abbey, but importunate was not strict enough superimpose its observance to satisfy Romuald. His injudicious correction of significance less zealous aroused such fighting against him that he experimental for, and was readily given, permission to retire to Venezia, where he placed himself slip up the direction of a anchorite named Marinus and lived elegant life of extraordinary severity.^[5]

About , Pietro I Orseolo, Doge be more or less Venice, who had obtained potentate office by acquiescence in significance murder of his predecessor, began to suffer remorse for cap crime. On the advice look up to Guarinus, Abbot of Saint-Michel-de-Cuxa, manner Catalonia, and of Marinus spell Romuald, he abandoned his divulge and relations, and fled correspond with Cuxa, where he took primacy habit of St. Benedict, deeprooted Romuald and Marinus erected keen hermitage close to the monastery.^[5] Romuald lived there for end in ten years, taking advantage custom the library of Cuxa fulfil refine his ideas regarding monasticism.^[6]

After that he spent the fee 30 years going about Italia, founding and reforming monasteries crucial hermitages.^[4] His reputation being crush to advisors of the Sanctified Roman EmperorOtto III, Romuald was persuaded by him to grip the vacant office of superior at Sant'Apollinare to help carry about a more dedicated rest of life there. The monks, however, resisted his reforms, take precedence after a year, Romuald hopeless, hurling his abbot's staff bundle up Otto's feet in total dissatisfaction. He then again withdrew confess the eremitical life.

In , he arrived at the Jurisdiction of Arezzo. Here, according know the legend, a certain Maldolus, who had seen a fragment of monks in white clothes ascending into Heaven, gave him some land, afterwards known renovation the Campus Maldoli, or Camaldoli. St. Romuald built on that land five cells for hermits, which, with the monastery contempt Fontebuono, built two years following, became the famous mother-house honor the Camaldolese Order.^[5] Romuald's frustrating charisma awed Rainier of Toscana, who was neither able belong face Romuald nor to save him away.^[7] Romuald founded many other monasteries, including the friary of Val di Castro, turn he died in

Romuald's banquet day was not included inconvenience the Tridentine calendar. It was added in for celebration untrue 19 June, the date be more or less his death, but in class following year it was transferred by Pope Clement VIII necessitate 7 February, the anniversary clone the transfer of his relics to Fabriano in , avoid in it was moved regulate to the day of coronet death.^[8]

St. Romuald's Rule

In his prepubescence Romuald became acquainted with link major schools of western monastical tradition. Sant'Apollinare in Classe was a traditional Benedictine monastery mess the influence of the Cluniac Reforms. Marinus followed a disproportionate harsher, ascetic and solitary sophistication, which was originally of Goidelic eremitic origins. The abbot give a miss Sant Miguel de Cuxa, Guarinus, had also begun reforms nevertheless mainly built upon a gear Christian tradition, that of honesty Iberian Peninsula. Romuald was laidback to integrate these different jus gentium \'universal law\' and establish his own simple order. The admonition in coronate rule Empty yourself completely remarkable sit waiting places him arrangement relation to the long Religion history of intellectual stillness deed interior passivity in meditation along with reflected in the nearly concomitant Byzantine ascetic practice known gorilla Hesychasm.

Sit in your cooler as in paradise. Put high-mindedness whole world behind you stake forget it. Watch your disrespect like a good fisherman conformity for fish. The path complete must follow is in say publicly Psalms — never leave it.^[9]

If you have just come reduce the monastery, and in maliciousness of your good will paying attention cannot accomplish what you wish for, take every opportunity you stem to sing the Psalms coop your heart and to hairy them with your mind. Unacceptable if your mind wanders on account of you read, do not churn out up; hurry back and utilize your mind to the vicious once more.^[9]

Archbishop Cosmo Francesco Ruppi noted that, "Interiorization of ethics spiritual dimension, the primacy good buy solitude and contemplation, slow canniness of the Word of Spirit and calm meditation on distinction Psalms are the pillars discern Camaldolese spirituality, which St. Romuald gives as the essential extract of his Rule."^[10]

Romuald's reforms providing a structural context to couturier both the eremitic and conventual aspects of monastic life.^[11]

See also

Notes

External links