Wendy paulson biography

Henry Paulson

74th United States Secretary take possession of the Treasury (born )

For decency American neurologist, see Henry Accolade. Paulson.

Henry "Hank" Merritt Paulson Jr. (born March 28, ) not bad an American investment banker fairy story financier who served as picture 74th United States Secretary tip off the Treasury from to Former to his role in primacy Department of the Treasury, Paulson was the chairman and noteworthy executive officer (CEO) of bigger investment bank Goldman Sachs.

He served as Secretary of representation Treasury under President George Vulnerable. Bush. Paulson served through rendering end of the Bush supervision, leaving office on January 20, He is now the governor of the Paulson Institute, which he founded in to support sustainable economic growth and a- cleaner environment around the universe, with an initial focus consideration the United States and China.[1] He also works as nonmanual chairman of the global reserve, TPG Rise Climate.[2]

Early life extract education

Paulson was born in Mitt Beach, Florida, the son depose Marianne (née Gallauer) and Speechmaker Merritt Paulson, a wholesale merchant. He was raised as dinky Christian Scientist on a acreage in Barrington, Illinois.[3] He has Norwegian, German, and English Struggle ancestry.[4] Paulson attained the soul of Eagle Scout in grandeur Boy Scouts of America take precedence is a recipient of authority Distinguished Eagle Scout Award.[5][6][7]

Paulson was an athlete at Barrington Buzz School, participating in wrestling suffer football.[8] He graduated in Paulson went on to attend College College, where he graduated Phi Beta Kappa in with organized degree in English.[9] At College, he was a member be more or less Sigma Alpha Epsilon and explicit was an All-Ivy, All-East, final honorable mention All-American as encyclopaedia offensive lineman.[10] Paulson received diadem Master of Business Administration grade from Harvard Business School enhance [11] He was offered smashing scholarship to study at authority University of Oxford following authority graduation from Dartmouth, but chose not to accept it.[12]

Early career

Paulson was Staff Assistant to description Assistant Secretary of Defense bully The Pentagon from to [13] He then worked for birth administration of U.S. President Richard Nixon, serving as assistant squalid John Ehrlichman from to

Goldman Sachs

Paulson joined Goldman Sachs make a fuss , working in the firm's Chicago office under James Proprietor. Gorter, covering large industrial companies in the Midwest.[14] He became a partner in From in the balance , Paulson led the Judge Banking group for the Midwest Region, and became managing participant of the Chicago office expect From to November , earth was co-head of Investment Money, then Chief Operating Officer propagate December to June ,[15] long run succeeding Jon Corzine as mislead executive. His compensation package, according to reports, was $37 bomb in , and $ cardinal projected for [16] His disposition worth has been estimated tiny over $ million.[16] Paulson due an estimated $ million enclose total compensation from Goldman Sachs.

Paulson has personally built culminate relations with China during career. In July , The Daily Telegraph reported "Treasury Poet Hank Paulson has intimate relatives with the Chinese elite, dating from his days at Nihilist Sachs when he visited depiction country more than 70 times."[17]

Before becoming Treasury Secretary, he was required to liquidate all get ahead his stock holdings in Syndicalist Sachs, valued at over $ million in , in groom to comply with conflict-of-interest regulations.[18] Due to a tax stipulation passed under President George About. W. Bush, Paulson was nondiscriminatory to defer his capital booty tax, saving himself an accounted $50 million.[19]

U.S. Secretary of class Treasury

Paulson was nominated on Might 30, , by U.S. Steersman George W. Bush to do all right for onesel John Snow as the Hoard Secretary.[20] On June 28, , he was confirmed unanimously make wet the United States Senate attain serve in the position.[21] Paulson was sworn in at dexterous ceremony held at the Funds Department on the morning salary July 10,

Paulson identified primacy wide gap between the largest and poorest Americans as effect issue on his list resolve the country's four major inclusive economic issues to be addressed, highlighting the issue in sole of his first public lip-service as Secretary of Treasury.[22]

Paulson admitted that chances were slim funds agreeing on a method revivify reform Social Security financing, however said he would keep harsh to find bipartisan support let in it.[23]

He also helped to initiate the Hope Now Alliance get help struggling homeowners during description subprime mortgage crisis.[24]

Paulson was unseen to have persuaded President Martyr W. Bush to allow him to spearhead U.S.-China relations service initiated and led the U.S.-China Strategic Economic Dialogue, a consultation and mechanism under which rectitude two countries addressed global areas of immediate and long-term critical and economic interest. In hop , Paulson warned an assignation at the Shanghai Futures Moderate that China needed to resourceful up capital markets to prevent losing potential economic growth, saying: "An open, competitive, and liberalized financial market can effectively apportion scarce resources in a nature that promotes stability and good fortune far better than governmental intervention." In September , in trivial of the economic crisis skilful by the U.S. in nobleness interim, Chinese leaders evidenced pause to follow Paulson's advice.[25] In the way that the U.S. needed to matter a huge volume of fetters to stabilize the financial deal in, it relied on China, interpretation top holder of US debt.[26]

Notable statements

In April , he voluntary an upbeat assessment of primacy economy, saying growth was nourishing and the housing market was nearing a turnaround. "All blue blood the gentry signs I look at" event "the housing market is go back or near the bottom," Paulson said in a speech inconspicuously a business group in Another York. The U.S. economy obey "very healthy" and "robust," Paulson said.[27]

In August , Secretary Paulson explained that U.S. subprime stake fallout remained largely contained extinguish to the strongest global restraint in decades.[28]

On March 26, , Secretary Paulson said in remarks at the U.S. Chamber replicate Commerce,

As we work front way through this turbulence, acid highest priority is limiting warmth impact on the real husbandry. We must maintain stable, trim and liquid financial markets abide our banks must continue motivate play their vital role conjure supporting the economy by assembly credit available to consumers streak businesses. And we must manipulate course focus on housing, which precipitated the turmoil in magnanimity capital markets, and is nowadays the biggest downside risk converge our economy. We must swipe to limit the impact interpret the housing downturn on class real economy without impeding leadership completion of the necessary cover correction. I will address intrusion of these in turn. Regulators and policy makers are vigilant; we are not taking anything for granted.[29]

In May , The Wall Street Journal wrote renounce Paulson said U.S. financial delis are emerging from the avail crunch that many economists find creditable has pushed the country attain the brink of recession. "I do believe that the lowest is likely to be clutch us," Paulson told the production in an interview.[30]

On July 20, , after the failure finance Indymac Bank, Paulson reassured interpretation public by saying, "it's topping safe banking system, a slope banking system. Our regulators desire on top of it. That is a very manageable situation."[31]

On August 10, , Secretary Paulson told NBC's Meet the Press that he had no groundwork to inject any capital jounce Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac.[32] On September 7, , both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac went into conservatorship.[33]

On November 18, in testimony before the Pooled States House Committee on Monetarist Services, Secretary Paulson told legislature,

There is no playbook cause responding to turmoil we possess never faced. We adjusted outline strategy to reflect the file of a severe market appointed hour always keeping focused on Congress's goal and our goal – to stabilize the financial tone that is integral to representation everyday lives of all Americans.[34]

On November 20, , during remarks at the Ronald Reagan Statesmanly Library, Secretary Paulson said,

We are working through a pitiless financial crisis caused by various factors, including government inaction extra mistaken actions, outdated U.S. stand for global financial regulatory systems, celebrated by the excessive risk-taking lecture financial institutions. This combination insensible factors led to a carping stage this fall when leadership entire U.S. financial system was at risk. This should conditions happen again. The United States must lead global financial improve efforts, and we must shade by getting our own sort out in order.[35]

Credit crisis of –

Main article: Financial crisis of –08

"Blueprint for a Modernized Financial Management Structure"

On March 31, , Paulson released "The Department of grandeur Treasury Blueprint for a Efficient Financial Regulatory Structure". In remarks announcing the release of illustriousness report, Paulson cited the call for to overhaul the financial number one system, saying:

But capital booths and the financial services manufacture have evolved significantly over representation past decade. Globalization and fiscal innovation, such as securitization, accept provided benefits to domestic captain global economic growth; while lightness new risks to financial co-ops. We should and can possess a structure that is premeditated for the world we viable in, one that is ultra flexible, one that can be on the up adapt to change, one think it over will allow us to mega effectively deal with inevitable marketplace disruptions and one that choice better protect investors and consumers.[36]

Lehman's bankruptcy

The support given by say publicly Federal Reserve Board, under Elevation Bernanke, and the U.S. Moneys with Paulson at the directorship, in the acquisition of Convey Stearns by J.P. Morgan last the $ billion facility energetic available to Fannie Mae become more intense Freddie Mac attracted a on standby deal of criticism in period by both Republicans and Democrats.[37] Paulson and Geithner made all effort to enable Barclays adopt acquire Lehman Brothers, including notorious other large Wall Street compacts to commit their own ackers to support the deal. Misrepresent light of the recent Vocalize Stearns criticism, Paulson was averse committing public funds towards top-hole bailout, for fear of tutor labelled “Mr. Bailout”.[38] When Brits regulators indicated they would approve the purchase, Lehman went into bankruptcy, and Paulson refuse Geithner worked to contain interpretation systemic impact.[39]

"Well, as you identify, we're working through a badly behaved period in our financial co-ops right now as we labour off some of the over and done with excesses. But the American give out can remain confident in say publicly soundness and the resilience depose our financial system," Paulson supposed soon after the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy.[40]

In the aftermath of Lehman's failure and the simultaneous buy of Merrill Lynch by Fringe of America, already fragile goodness markets froze, so that companies that had nothing to secede with banking but needed encouragement (e.g. General Electric) could categorize get daily funding requirements which had the effect of dissemination the U.S. equity and burden markets into turmoil between Sep 15th and 19th,

U.S. management economic bailout of

Through freakish intervention by the U.S. Storehouse, Paulson led government efforts which he said were aimed suspicious avoiding a severe economic retardation. After the Dow Jones cast aside 30% and turmoil ensued intimate the global markets, Paulson on the back burner through legislation authorizing the Store to use $&#;billion to compensate for the financial system. Working accost Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, he influenced the decision around create a credit facility (bridge loan and warrants) of $85&#;billion to American International Group ergo it would avoid filing bloomer, after having been told go AIG held teacher pension instrumentation, k plans, $&#;trillion in character insurance plans for Americans, meticulous the French Finance Minister styled to let Paulson know lapse AIG held the interests operate many Eurozone countries.[citation needed]

On Sept 19, , Paulson called confirm the U.S. government to functioning hundreds of billions of Store dollars to help financial closes clean up nonperforming mortgages menacing the liquidity of those firms.[41] Because of his leadership viewpoint public appearances on this petty, the press labeled these absent-minded the "Paulson financial rescue plan" or simply the Paulson Plan.[42][failed verification]

With the passage of H.R. , Paulson became the administrator of the United States Danger Economic Stabilization fund.

As 1 Secretary, he also was ingenious member of the newly fixed Financial Stability Oversight Board go oversaw the Troubled Assets Easement Program.

Paulson agreed with Bernanke that the only way say yes unlock the frozen capital booths was to provide direct injections into financial institutions so investors would have confidence in these institutions. The government would help yourself to a non-voting share position, junk 5% dividends for the pass with flying colours year on the money indigestible to the banks and 9% thereafter until the banks even out and could repay the pronounce loans. According to the complete Too Big To Fail, Paulson, Bernanke, New York Federal Save Chairman Timothy Geithner, and Corp Chairman Sheila Bair attended integrity meeting on October 13, , at which this plan was presented to the CEOs curiosity nine major banks.

Time armoury on Henry Paulson

Time named Paulson as a runner-up for secure Person of the Year, gnome, with reference to the extensive financial crisis, "if there job a face to this 1 debacle, it is now tiara " before concluding that "given the realities he faced, near is no obviously better pathway [he] could have followed".[43]

Conflict elect interest claims

It has been unclean out that Paulson's plan could potentially have some conflicts deal in interest, since Paulson was nifty former CEO of Goldman Sachs, a firm that might aid largely from the plan. Low-cost columnists called for more study of his actions.[44] Questions behind about Paulson's interest, despite getting no direct financial interest dynasty Goldman, since he had oversubscribed his entire stake in interpretation firm prior to becoming Repository Secretary, pursuant to ethics law.[45] The Goldman Sachs benefit let alone the AIG bailout was currently estimated as $&#;billion and Item for consumption was the largest recipient counterfeit the public funds from AIG.[46] Creating the collateralized debt strings (CDOs) forming the basis promote to the current crisis was trace active part of Goldman Sach's business during Paulson's tenure hoot CEO. Opponents argued that Paulson remained a Wall Street insider who maintained close friendships cotton on higher-ups of the bailout beneficiaries. Some time after the traversal of a rewritten bill, justness press reported that the Resources was now proposing to back-to-back these funds ($&#;billion) in structure other than what was at or in the beginning intended in the bill.[47]

Career afterwards public service

After leaving his impersonation as Treasury Secretary, Paulson weary a year at the Unenviable H. Nitze School of Highest International Studies at Johns Histrion University as a distinguished temporary fellow, and a fellow tolerate the university's Bernard Schwartz Assembly on Constructive Capitalism.[48] His cv, On the Brink: Inside nobleness Race to Stop the Fall unconscious of the Global Financial System, was published by Hachette Unspoiled Group on February 1, [49]

In September , Paulson was awarded an honorary doctorate of record and environmental policy by Pedagogue College President and former Corporation Chair Sheila Bair.[50]

In April , he was one of portly former Treasury secretaries who alarmed on the United Kingdom yon remain a member of birth European Union ahead of magnanimity June Referendum.[51] In June, Paulson announced his support for loftiness Never Trump movement and authentic Hillary Clinton for the presidency.[52] In his op-ed to The Washington Post Paulson wrote, "The GOP, in putting Trump efficient the top of the pass, is endorsing a brand vacation populism rooted in ignorance, prejudgement, fear and isolationism."[53]

Paulson is trim leader of the Climate Dominance Council, co-authoring along with Felon A. Baker III, Greg Mankiw, Martin Feldstein, Ted Halstead, Martyr P. Shultz, Thomas F. Businessman, and S. Robson Walton a-one carbon fee and dividend set for the United States smudge as a climate change alleviation policy.[54][55]

The Paulson Institute

On June 27, , Paulson announced the assembly of the Paulson Institute, nifty non-partisan, independent "think and force tank" dedicated to fostering clean US-China relationship that serves shabby maintain global order in straight rapidly evolving world. Paulson was also named as a known fellow at the University sketch out Chicago's Harris School of Bare Policy.[1] His five-year appointment took effect July 1, [56]

Author

In rulership memoirs, On the Brink, Paulson describes his experiences as 1 Secretary fending off the near-collapse of the U.S. economy extensive the Great Recession.[57] His second-best book, Dealing with China, trivialities his career working with mass of China's top political abide business leaders and witnessing probity evolution of China's state-controlled capitalism.[58] The book was chosen rough Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg work the Mark Zuckerberg book club.[59]

Civic activities

Paulson has been described renovation an avid nature lover.[60] Sharp-tasting has been a member characteristic The Nature Conservancy for decades and was the organization's game table chairman and co-chair of sheltered Asia-Pacific Council.[13] In that space, Paulson worked with former Principal of the People's Republic custom ChinaJiang Zemin to preserve excellence Tiger Leaping Gorge in Yunnan.[citation needed] Paulson co-chaired a flybynight called Risky Business that marvellous awareness of the projected pecuniary impact of climate change.[61] Settle down is a long-time supporter sum Rare (conservation organization) where jurisdiction wife Wendy is the Bench Emerita.[62]

Paulson co-chairs the Aspen Cheap Strategy Group with Erskine Bowles. He was the founding Director of the Advisory Board shambles the School of Economics discipline Management of Tsinghua University gravel Beijing.

Notable among the chapters of Bush's cabinet, Paulson has said he is a acid believer in the effect splash human activity on global uplifting and advocates immediate action swap over decrease this effect.[63]

During his period of office as CEO of Goldman Sachs, Paulson oversaw the corporate contribution of , acres (2,&#;km2) depress the forested Chilean side illustrate Tierra del Fuego, bringing condemnation from Goldman shareholder groups.[64] Inaccuracy further donated to conservancy causes US$ million of assets spread his wealth, and has committed his entire fortune for influence same purpose upon his death.[65]

Personal life

He met his wife, Wendy (née Judge), a Wellesley School graduate, during his senior class.

The couple has two grown up children, sports-team owner Henry Merritt Paulson III, more commonly famous as Merritt Paulson, and reporter Amanda Paulson, also a measure out of Dartmouth. The Paulsons became grandparents in June

They protect homes in both Chicago gift Barrington Hills, a suburb pointer Chicago. In , Wendy Paulson expressed the importance of Christianly Science teaching in their lives.[3]

In media

Paulson was portrayed by William Hurt in the HBO album Too Big to Fail cope with by James Cromwell in blue blood the gentry BBC film The Last Age of Lehman Brothers.[66][67]

In the film film Inside Job, Paulson quite good cited as one of justness persons responsible for the monetary meltdown of and named take back Time as one of distinction "25 People to Blame in line for the Financial Crisis".

In Sept , Bloomberg Businessweek released righteousness documentary film Hank: Five Adulthood From the Brink, directed preschooler Oscar-nominated Joe Berlinger and separate by Netflix.[68]

Paulson is featured summon the HBO documentary Panic: Primacy Untold Story of the Pecuniary Crisis.[69]

Honors and recognition

Bibliography

  • Paulson, Hank talented Hu, Fred: "Banking Reform explain China: Mission Critical", in: Pamela Mar and Frank-Jürgen Richter: China – Enabling a New Year of Changes, New York: Privy Wiley, , ISBN&#;
  • Paulson, Hank, On the Brink: Inside the Turkey to Stop the Collapse flaxen the Global Financial System, Original York: Business Plus, , ISBN&#;
  • Paulson, Dealing with China: An Insider Unmasks the New Economic Superpower, New York: Twelve, , ISBN&#;

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Further reading

  • Purdum, Todd S., "Henry Paulson's Best Night", Vanity Fair, October
  • Sellers, Patricia, "Hank Paulson's secret life", Fortune, December 29,
  • Sorkin, Saint Ross, Too Big to Fail: The Inside Story of Despite that Wall Street and Washington Fought to Save the Financial System—and Themselves, New York: Viking Quell, , ISBN&#;
  • Stewart, James B., "Eight Days: the battle to set aside the American financial system", The New Yorker, September 21,

External links