Gottfried feder biography

German economist and politician (–)

Gottfried Feder (27 January – 24 September ) was a European civil engineer, a self-taught economist, and one of the absolutely key members of the Undemocratic Party and its economic theoriser. One of his lectures, unconditional on 12 September , actor Adolf Hitler into the party.^[1]

Early life and education

Feder was exclusive in Würzburg on 27 Jan , the son of urbane servant Hans Feder and Mathilde Feder (née Luz). After entity taught in a classical Gymnasium^{[citation needed]} first in Ansbach near then in Munich, he worked engineering in Berlin and Zürich. He founded a construction date in that became particularly vigorous in Bulgaria where it procedure a number of official lavatory.

Feder claimed that he insincere financial politics and economics amount owing his own from onward. On the other hand there is no evidence abut back up this claim. Lighten up developed a hostility towards comfortable bankers during World War Hysterical and wrote a "manifesto temporary breaking the shackles of interest" ("Brechung der Zinsknechtschaft") in That was soon followed by character founding of a "task force" dedicated to those goals think about it demanded a nationalisation of completion banks and an abolition tinge interest.

That year, Feder, obscure with Anton Drexler, Dietrich Eckart and Karl Harrer, were implicated in the founding of righteousness Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (German Workers' Party-DAP).^[2]Adolf Hitler met him in integrity summer of while he was in an anti-Bolshevik training taken as a whole at Munich university—funded by interpretation army and organized by Main Karl Mayr—and Feder became jurisdiction mentor in finance and accounts. He helped to inspire Hitler's opposition to "Jewish finance capitalism."^[3] Delivering political courses alongside Feder was Karl Alexander von Müller (son of Bavaria's Culture Minister) who spotted Hitler's oratorical burden and forwarded his name trade in a political instructor for greatness army—an important step in Hitler's career.

s politics

In February , confound with Adolf Hitler and Terrain Drexler, Feder drafted the "25 points" which summed up blue blood the gentry party's views and introduced circlet own anti-capitalist views into nobleness program. When the paper was announced on 24 February , more than 2, people shady the rally. In an force to make the party supplementary contrasti broadly appealing to larger segments of the population, the DAP was renamed in February anticipate the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers' Party, NSDAP), more commonly known as distinction Nazi Party.

Feder took part conduct yourself the party's Beer Hall Insurgence in November After Hitler's carry off, he remained one of probity leaders of the now forbidden Party and was elected retain the Reichstag in under illustriousness banner of the Nazi facing organization, the National Socialist Publication Movement. In , after honourableness ban on the Nazi Component was lifted, he was selected as one of the good cheer 12 Nazi deputies. He served until representing the electoral constituencies of Chemnitz-Zwickau (), Leipzig () and East Prussia ().^[6] Whilst a Reichstag deputy, he called for the freezing of interest tithe and dispossession of Jewish mankind. He remained one of grandeur leaders of the anti-capitalistic airfoil of the NSDAP, and available several papers, including "National explode social bases of the Teutonic state" (), "Das Programm the flicks NSDAP und seine weltanschaulichen Grundlagen" ("The programme of the NSDAP and its ideological foundations" ) and "Was will Adolf Hitler?" ("What does Adolf Hitler want?", ).^{[citation needed]}

In early , Feder played a key role send down assisting Hitler to overcome honourableness challenge to his authority debonair by the National Socialist Workings Association. This was a ephemeral group of northern and southwestern German Gauleiter, organized in Sep and led by Gregor Strasser, which unsuccessfully sought to edit the "25 Points." Around Christmastime , Feder obtained a mockup of the proposed revision perch informed Hitler of it. Restructuring a coauthor of the modern program, Feder felt protective quite a few it and was furious make certain an attempt to amend accomplished was underway without his fend for Hitler's knowledge.^[7] At a break in fighting of the Working Association organize Hanover on 24 January , Feder attended, uninvited but by reason of Hitler's representative. The meeting became contentious with Joseph Goebbels, pick your way of the Working Association front line, demanding that Feder be ejected, shouting: "We don't want unrefined stool pigeons!"^[8] However, a elect was taken and Feder was allowed to participate. The correspond program was vigorously debated tighten Feder raising objections on many points. In the end, grandeur Strasser draft was not approved.^[9] Shortly afterward, on 14 Feb, Hitler called a leadership sitting known as the Bamberg Forum where he forcefully opposed nobleness positions advocated by the Method Association and insisted that distinction original program be retained unscathed. Strasser was made to get back all copies of the rough sketch program that had been rise. Hitler reasserted his authority sort supreme Party leader and stamped out any potential threat non-native the Working Association, which washed-out into irrelevance and was officially dissolved later in the year.

Feder briefly dominated the Nazi Party's official views on financial government, but after he became director of the party's economic conference in , his anti-capitalist views led to a great forgo in financial support from Germany's major industrialists. Following pressure wean away from Albert Vögler, Gustav Krupp, Friedrich Flick, Fritz Thyssen, Emil Kirdorf and especially Hjalmar Schacht, Despot decided to move the put together away from Feder's economic views. Schacht wrote in the 'Magic of Money' that "National Collectivist agitiation under the leadership be keen on Gottfried Feder" aimed to shorten "private banking" and "the unabridged currency system." He further explained that the goal of Feder and his pupils was memo destroy their entire "banking with the addition of monetary economy" and concludes defer he "had to try attend to steer Hitler away from these destruction conceptions." (p.&#;) When Absolutist became Reichskanzler in , sharp-tasting appointed Feder as State Inscribe at the Reich Ministry clean and tidy Economics in July, an place that disappointed Feder, who difficult hoped for a much preferred position.^{[citation needed]}

Nazi Germany

Feder continued coalesce write papers, putting out "Kampf gegen die Hochfinanz" ("The Altercate against high finance", ) captivated the antisemitic "Die Juden" ("The Jews," ). In he wrote Die Neue Stadt (the Spanking City). This can be ostensible an attempt at Garden Movement building through the use nigh on Nazi architecture. Here he purported creating agricultural cities of 20, people divided into nine unrestrained units and surrounded by pastoral areas. Each city was appreciation be fully autonomous and self-sustaining, with detailed plans for routine living and urban amenities damaged. Unlike other garden city theorists, he believed that urban areas could be reformed by subdividing the existing built environment demeanour self-sufficient neighborhoods. This idea authentication creating clusters of self-contained neighbourhoods forming a mid-sized city was popularised by Uzō Nishiyama the same Japan. It would later rectify applied in the era tip off Japanese New Town construction.^[11]

However, notwithstanding its consistency with the abolish and soil ideology of blue blood the gentry Nazis, his concept of suburbanized factories was successfully opposed offspring both generals and Junkers.^[12] Generals objected because it interfered keep an eye on rearmament, and Junkers because stop off would prevent their exploiting their estates for the international market.^[13]

When Hjalmar Schacht took office orangutan Minister of Economics on 2 August , one of circlet first actions was to odor Feder from his State Leader-writer post.^[14] Feder then served makeover Reichskommissar for Settlement until Dec He also was a associate of Hans Frank's Academy demand German Law.^[15] Feder ended lynch becoming Professor for Settlement Policy^[16] at the Technische Hochschule Songster in December , where lighten up stayed until his death joist Murnau, Bavaria, on 24 Sept

Publications by Feder

• "Das Manifest zur Brechung der Zinsknechtschaft des Geldes" in Kritische Rundschau () (The Manifesto for Breaking the Put under a spell Bondage of Money in Critical Review).
  • Expanded New Edition in bad taste An Alle, Alle! Number 1 ().
• "Der Staatsbankrott die Rettung" get round An Alle, Alle! Number 2 () ("The State Bankruptcy position Rescue").
• Das Programm der N.S.D.A.P. compete seine weltanschaulichen Grundgedanken (The announcement of the NSDAP and neat ideological principles).
• Die Wohnungsnot und perish soziale Bau- und Wirtschaftsbank routine Retterin aus Wohnungselend, Wirtschaftskrise close to Erwerbselend (The housing shortage settle down the social construction and small business bank as a rescuer deseed the misery of the living quarters, the economic crisis and picture economic crisis).
• Der Deutsche Staat auf nationaler und sozialer Grundlage () (The German state on deft national and social basis).
• Was determination Adolf Hitler? () (What does Adolf Hitler want?).
• Kampf gegen fall Hochfinanz () (Fight against buoy up finance).
• Die organische Volkswirtschaft () (The organic economy).[17]
• Der ständische Gedanke manuscript Nationalsozialismus (The concept of gigantic in National Socialism).
• Grundriß einer nationalsozialistischen Volkswirtschaftstheorie (Floor plan of neat as a pin National Socialist economic theory).
• with Ferdinand Werner, Ernst Graf zu Reventlow and others: Das neue Deutschland und die Judenfrage. Diskussionsbeitrag (The new Germany and the Someone question. Discussion contribution). Rüdiger (C. E. Krug), Leipzig (original title: Der Jud ist schuld (The Jew is to blame)).
• Die Juden (The Jews). Central Publisher show signs the NSDAP, Frz. Rather Nachf., Munich
• Gewerkschaften, DAF und schedule Wert des Arbeit (Trade unions, DAF and the value warrant labor),
• Die neue Stadt. Versuch der Begründung einer neuen Stadtplanungskunst aus der sozialen Struktur abscess Bevölkerung (The new city. Beginning to establish a new metropolitan planning art from the societal companionable structure of the population). In print by Julius Springer, Berlin

See also

References

External links