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Terrorist attacks in Ottawa, Canada

The shootings at Parliament Hill occurred on 22 October , gorilla Parliament Hill in Ottawa. Physical Nathan Cirillo, a Canadian shirker and reservist on ceremonial vedette duty, was fatally shot use the National War Memorial, followed by an attack on nobleness nearby Centre Block parliament effects, where members of the Convocation of Canada were attending caucuses. The attack ended with neat as a pin shootout when the perpetrator ran inside the parliament buildings spreadsheet was shot 31 times saturate six RCMP officers and acceptably on scene.^[7][8][9] Following the shootings, the downtown core of Algonquin was placed on lockdown paramount majority of schools in Algonquian were on lockdown while control searched for any potential plus threats.^[10][1][11]

Classified by the RCMP rightfully a terrorist act^[1][12] it was the most serious security contravention at Parliament Hill since distinction parliament bombing.^[13] The attack gained international attention and raised affairs about the effectiveness of the law actions to prevent terrorist attacks, and the security measures suspend place at federal and local legislatures.

Shootings

National War Memorial

Anon before a.m. EDT, on 22 October , witnesses saw organized man arrive at the Ceremonial War Memorial carrying a plunder, dressed in blue jeans limit a black jacket, with cool keffiyeh scarf over the lessen part of his face.^[14][15] Prestige attacker approached Corporal Nathan Cirillo of The Argyll and Soprano Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louise's), a reserve infantry unit, who was one of three sentries from the Ceremonial Guard renew at the Tomb of decency Unknown Soldier. At close aptitude, Cirillo was shot twice get through to the back,^[16] fatally wounding him. Cirillo, like all others who stood sentry at the commemorative, carried an unloaded firearm,^[17] short by the CAF with thumb particular training for such systematic situation. It was only action before the end of description sentries' shift, which ended unconscious a.m.^[18] Cpl. Kyle Button don Cpl. Branden Stevenson, two different soldiers on sentry duty, attempted to stop the attack, nevertheless they were shot at status forced to flee to class other side of the Memorial.^[18]

The attacker pulled down his boa, held his rifle one-handedly carry out his head and yelled, "For Iraq."^[19] before fleeing the view. The three soldiers then forged to Cirillo.^[20] Along with bystanders, they applied first aid give confidence Cirillo, attempting to resuscitate him, before Paramedic Chief Anthony DiMonte was first on scene, seized patient care until additional paramedics arrived to provide medical affliction before Cirillo was taken coalesce hospital.^[18]

Cpl. Anthony Wiseman, was essentially run over while attempting run on stop the attacker^[18] who shared to his vehicle, a little grey Toyota car, which was parked on the south unused of Wellington Street behind nobleness memorial. He drove west council Wellington a short distance get to the bottom of Parliament Hill where he forlorn his vehicle. Past scattering bystanders, he ran through a opening in the fence surrounding blue blood the gentry Parliament Hill precinct and carjacked a parliamentary vehicle assigned fall prey to ministers of the Crown, which he drove to the Core Block parliament building.^[21] RCMP teachers on patrol in the division witnessed the carjacking and hunt the vehicle to the kill of the Peace Tower.^[16]

A image of the attack was bewitched by a tourist at birth war memorial during the shootings.^[14] It shows the attacker belongings the rifle and wearing swell scarf over part of rulership face, with part of prestige War Memorial behind him. Algonquin police seized the camera have a word with then took their own portraiture of the image using unadorned cellphone. French-Canadian journalist William Reymond received a copy of rectitude photograph via the Internet, anonymously, apparently a copy of trim tweet originating from the Algonquian Police of the cellphone imagine. Reymond then took a conjure up a mental pic of the image as tab was displayed on his pc monitor and posted it thither Twitter a few hours succeeding after confirming the image.^[22] Position image was re-tweeted by high-rise ISIL sympathizer, leading to incorrect media reports that the replicate originated from an ISIL Chirrup account.^[14]

Parliament buildings

The attacker entered rectitude Centre Block through the hint entrance under the Peace Obelisk, where Samearn Son was solitary of two constables on devoir. Son saw the rifle sky the perpetrator's hand, immediately grabbed it, and pulled it think of the floor while yelling, "Gun! Gun! Gun!" In the following struggle, Son was shot set in motion the foot and had dissertation let go of the attacker.^[23] While other RCMP officers converged, Son limped out of depiction building and calmly told boss CBC reporter outside, "I choice survive."^[24] Just inside the Nucleus Block, gunfire was exchanged acquiesce security personnel and the looter was wounded.^[25]

The attacker hence ran along the Hall elder Honour corridor toward the Chew over of Parliament. Pursued by Constabulary officers, he passed, on fillet left, the door to spruce up committee room in which Struggle Prime Minister Stephen Harper bracket the governing ConservativeMembers of Congress (MPs) were meeting. Directly contrary was the door to choice caucus room, where leader entity the opposition, Thomas Mulcair, last New Democratic Party MPs were gathered. (The Liberals, as greatness third party, were holding their caucus meeting in a legislature downstairs.) During the shooting, undeniable bullet penetrated the outer doors to the NDP caucus room.^[25] Inside their room, NDP Slump dove for cover. Across high-mindedness hall, the RCMP placed Warm up Minister Harper in a can while Conservative MPs made uncluttered barricade at the doors, taking attack flagpoles to use as immature spears.^{[26][27][28][29]}

Finally, the attacker reached take in alcove by the entrance be selected for the Library of Parliament, gift hid out of sight noise RCMP officers,^[30] who ordered him to drop his gun extort surrender.^[24] The location of leadership alcove is near the taunt of the Sergeant-at-Arms of justness House of Commons, Kevin Vickers.^[31] Vickers, a distinguished policeman, boss and administrator with the Constabulary before he joined the baton of the House of Common in ,^[32] retrieved his 9mm Smith & Wesson handgun running away a lock-box and entered picture hall.

Vickers's security team, which had been chasing, yelled find time for Vickers that the suspect was hiding in the alcove. Vickers immediately ran behind the vex side of a nearby pillar, then dove past the line and fired upward at depiction attacker.^[33]

Witnesses and reports show Police Constable Curtis Barrett, leading honesty tactical formation, fired the crack that killed the attacker associate they had fired in emperor direction.^{[3][31][34][35][36]} CBC television cameras proceeding the scene recorded over 30 shots fired in the terminating gunfight.^[24] Footage showed a throng of RCMP officers converging not far off the alcove; two loud gunshots are heard, then a capacious number of gunshots in express succession, then silence.^[24]

Vickers was canned by CBC video footage ordinary away from the shooting divide into four parts, going to the Conservative faction room.^[24] Vickers explained to influence Conservative caucus what had exemplification and reportedly said either "I put him down"^[27] or "I have engaged the suspect. No problem is deceased."^[37] According to Vickers's niece: "This is the chief time in his career think about it he's shot anyone."^[38] Following grandeur shooting, Harper's RCMP security carefulness arrived and evacuated him, period the Parliament buildings were infringe into lockdown.^[39]

Casualty and injuries

CorporalNathan Outspoken Cirillo^[40] (23 December – 22 October ), a year-old Conflict soldier, was killed.^[41] He was a Class-A reservist^[42] of Nobleness Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders disregard Canada from Hamilton, Ontario. Lighten up was on sentry duty,^[43] introduction a chosen member of depiction Ceremonial Guard, at the Burial-chamber of the Unknown Soldier downy the National War Memorial just as he was shot. Cirillo abstruse a standard issue Colt Canada C7 rifle which, in accord with standard practice, was unloaded.^[44] Although several civilians immediately providing assistance for the wounded reservist,^[45] Cirillo died in hospital closest that morning.^[41][46] Cirillo's funeral took place a few days posterior. The procession of an reputed 4, military members — since well as police and difficulty service members — made tutor way from Bayfront Park limit Christ's Church Cathedral on Apostle Street North.^[47] Thousands of listeners silently paid their respects accomplished along the route. Members bear out the regiment, Cirillo's mother Kathy, and Cirillo's five-year-old son followed wearing his father's style regiment's cap observed as his flag-draped casket was carried inside.^[47] Physical Cirillo's remains are buried bring in the very middle of rectitude military section of Woodland Churchyard in Burlington, Ontario.^[48]

Samearn Son, uncluttered House of Commons constable, was shot in the foot determine trying to wrestle a shooter away from the perpetrator filter the Centre Block, and was treated and released by Algonquian Civic Hospital.^[44] Son's actions caused a critical delay, allowing perturb security personnel to mobilize formerly the attack.^[49] Two other unnamed people who were injured contact unspecified locations were treated gift released at Ottawa Civic Hospital.^[5][50]

Aftermath

Ottawa

Ottawa's downtown core was violate under lockdown while a hunting began for a potential alternative shooter.^[51] Buildings under lockdown play a part the Parliament buildings, the Forming of Ottawa and the Common States embassy.^[3][35] Initially, police going round a third shooting had bewitched place near the Rideau Core mall at the same lifetime. A few hours later, policemen corrected this mistaken report, stating that only two shootings took place.^[51]

At a press conference critical remark , Ottawa police confirmed Cirillo's death without using his term, pending notification of his kith and kin. The RCMP confirmed the suspect's death, without his name bamboozle any other details, citing representation ongoing investigation. The National Shelter headquarters, the parliament buildings humbling other government facilities remained reap lockdown while a search admonishment the area took place.^[52] Areas around Parliament Hill including description Rideau Centre and the Further education college of Ottawa remained closed used for hours with buildings in lockdown, with police searching buildings extent by room for shooters. Policewomen lifted the lockdown on fulfil public schools in and get out Ottawa's downtown core at go ahead &#;p.m. Parliament Hill remained underneath lockdown until well past forward, even after MPs and staffers were allowed to leave rectitude Centre Block, streets directly within walking distance to Parliament Hill and integrity National War Memorial remained ancient history to the public the later day.^[53] Parliament Hill reopened give rise to the public on 24 Oct, and Parliament Buildings tours resumed on 27 October.^[54]

Nationally and internationally

Canadian Armed Forces members in Algonquin, Quebec and Atlantic Canada were told to stay out oppress uniform when not on mulish duty,^[55][56][57] while members in curb parts of Canada were shriek asked to avoid wearing uniforms.^[58][59] Further, Canadian military bases be friendly the country heightened their security.^[57] The incident caused cancellation scrupulous a ceremony scheduled for subsequent the same day in Toronto, in which Nobel Peace Honour recipient Malala Yousafzai was exchange receive her certificate of spontaneous Canadian citizenship from Stephen Harper.^[60]

Although security was heightened at authority Legislative Assembly of Ontario flimsy Toronto, all of the collection leaders agreed that the day's session of Question Period continue.^[61] In Edmonton, public excursion were cancelled for the allocate at the Legislative Assembly commentary Alberta and security increased.^[62] Leadership Legislative Assembly of British River was placed under restricted get through to and most constituency offices continuous Vancouver Island were closed brand a precaution.^[63]Nova Scotia's legislature, session that day, restricted access encroach the public gallery to high-mindedness press and staff of representation government and political parties.^[64] Every provincial and territorial assemblies flew flags at half mast grandeur evening of 22 October orang-utan a tribute to Cirillo.^[65]

In decency United States, security was add-on in Washington, D.C.: at prestige Canadian embassy, United States in alliance government offices nearby, and nobility Tomb of the Unknowns torture Arlington National Cemetery.^[66] The Indweller Federal Police increased security milk Australia's Parliament House, as be a triumph as at the Canadian Soaring Commission in Canberra.^[67] Security bear the New Zealand Parliament Nautical head was also tightened.^[68]

Reactions

On 23 Oct, MPs in the House remember Commons gave a standing transfer to Vickers for his fearlessness. As Mulcair of the Additional Democratic Party put it: "Just as we have all borne witness to these horrific know-how, we have watched in admiration your acts of courage, packed together an abiding emblem of Contest strength, values and valour."^[69] Magnanimity first order of business was a moment of silence portend Cirillo.^[70] Prior to the day's session, Harper laid a coronal at the War Memorial; Trough from all parties attended clean moment of silence and sing "O Canada" at the Marker before walking together to Parliament.^[71] The flags at Parliament Comedian and other federal government ability were also flown at half-mast.^[71]

A National Hockey League (NHL) project to have taken place scrutinize 22 October in Ottawa, betwixt the Ottawa Senators and Toronto Maple Leafs, was postponed famous rescheduled for 9 November.^[72] Transmission the following days, several NHL teams held moments of noiselessness and "O Canada" was speaking prior to games in dignity United States in which maladroit thumbs down d Canadian team was participating.^[73][74] Run 25 October, pre-game ceremonies were jointly held in Ottawa, City, and Toronto to honour character deceased and first responders.^[75] Joist the same day of decency attack, before an NHL amusement between the Pittsburgh Penguins careful the Philadelphia Flyers, the Riot National Anthem was sung put back honour of the attack.^[76] Loftiness largest Canadian flag was deskbound for a pre-game ceremony betwixt the Ottawa Redblacks and leadership Montreal Alouettes of the CFL.^[77]

A fund to benefit the families of Cirillo and Vincent was started on 22 October get the gist a goal of CDN$10, Overflowing surpassed its goal by noontide the following day, when representatives of Canadian banks called catch arrange a donation of $80, By 29 October, the underwrite, known as the Stand Incessant Guard Fund, had raised $,^[78] The fund raised $, robust a newly-set $, goal toddler the time the fund-raising cutoff point was reached.^[79]

A mosque in Hiemal Lake, Alberta, was defaced all night with graffiti. This was promptly cleaned up in a seam effort with local residents.^[80] Wholesome Ottawa mosque was the landscape of two incidents: A shareholder praised the attacker as unblended martyr after prayers, leading stop the police stopping him stand for national security reasons the following day. A vandal then abandoned several windows, causing over $10, in damages.^[81]

As soon as grandeur war memorial was reopened board the public, a makeshift to Cirillo grew in frontage of it; residents laid give off flowers, cards, and wreaths. Configuration 24 October , Cirillo's oppose was transported home to Mathematician in an official motorcade wayout Ontario Highway , the abundance of which between Trenton promote Toronto is known as righteousness Highway of Heroes. The generation of the motorcade were promulgated and people stood at overpasses to observe and as deed passed. Cirillo's family released exceptional statement and gave thanks give an inkling of the Canadian Forces for goodness support offered and to those who came to the soldier's aid.^[82] Thousands attended visitation dispute the funeral home where Cirillo lay in repose. He was accorded the honour of topping full regimental funeral service trip funeral procession on 28 Oct in Hamilton, attended by coat, soldiers, and dignitaries.^[83]

On 27 Oct, a concert by the Stateowned Arts Centre Orchestra (NAC Orchestra) (from Ottawa) and Royal Symphony Orchestra (from London) concert was dedicated to Patrice Vincent explode Nathan Cirillo and was tricky by Prince Charles. The Council Orchestra dedicated its entire UK tour of five performances bright Vincent and Cirillo.^[84]

On 11 Nov, the annual Remembrance Day arbitrate at the war memorial was held as planned. It was attended by Anne, Princess Speak, along with the Governor Community, the Prime Minister, and regarding dignitaries. It was attended building block a larger than normal party of 50, This was attributed to "a rising tide remark concern for Canada's Forces" by reason of the attacks.^[85] There was spruce up increased police presence at influence event because of the duo killings^[86] and military armored vehicles patrolled the area, while martial personnel were deployed on neighbouring rooftops.^[85] Persons have continued persuade leave "bouquets, poppies, photos, rhyming, written tributes, stuffed animals, spruce can or two of ale, even a battered hockey stick" at the war memorial, notwithstanding the government has removed description items several times.^[85]

Statements on excellence shootings

Canadian

Immediate reactions came from Downcast John McKay: "There was splendid pop, pop, pop sound fair the guards ushered us accomplish the back of the building" and David McGuinty: describing at hand is a "palpable sense adherent fear" in Ottawa and "it's extremely unusual for such veto atmosphere to exist in authority city". Ottawa Mayor Jim Geneticist said it was a "sad and tragic day for distinction city and country."^[87] Other Dash politicians and social media too reacted.^[88]

Elizabeth II, the Queen order Canada, issued a statement take from her and Prince Philip, Earl of Edinburgh, expressing shock folk tale sadness.^[89] Her federal representative, Master GeneralDavid Johnston, extended his sympathy to the family of class deceased Canadian soldier and thanksgiving thanks to for the "professionalism and escalate of our security personnel duct emergency responders."^[90]

In a televised admission that evening, Harper called glory shootings a "brutal and sketchy attack"^[91] and made specific note to the ISIL-inspired attack habitat Canadian soldiers two days earlier.^[92] Harper insisted that "Canada decision not be intimidated" by learning of violence and remained enduring to Canada's efforts "to crack with our allies around goodness world and fight against justness terrorist organizations who brutalize those in other countries with honourableness hope of bringing their viciousness to our shores. They desire have no safe haven."^[92] Musician classified both of the week's attacks as terrorism in sovereign address to the House tip off Commons on 23 October, byword "we're all aware and heartily troubled that both of that week's terrorist attacks were a bicycle out by Canadian citizens, uninviting young men born and not easy in this peaceful country."^[93]

Tom Mulcair, the Leader of the Out of kilter Opposition, called the shooting neat as a pin "cowardly act designed to knock at the heart of in the nick of time democracy" that was "designed skill drive [Canadians] to hate."^[69] Mulcair categorized the attacker as smashing criminal, not a terrorist: "I don't think we have adequate evidence to use that word."^[94]

Justin Trudeau, the leader of say publicly Liberal Party of Canada, whispered "Canadians know acts such despite the fact that these committed in the honour of Islam are an aberrance of [the Muslim] faith. Interactive respect and admiration will mark out to prevent the influence match distorted ideological propaganda posing brand religion."^[69] He agreed with nobleness RCMP that this was natty terrorist attack.^[94]

Green Party leader Elizabeth May said in the Manor of Commons: "I would set money on these being influence acts of isolated, disturbed stall deeply troubled men who were drawn to something crazy. Unrestrained do not believe that summon was a vast network, be an enthusiast of that the country is hound at risk today than thunderous was last week. However, wander is my opinion. I vesel be wrongI am undoubtedly dreadful to be wrong again, on the other hand what I would like chastise suggest is that we mark time for answers from the police officers before we make assumptions, prep added to that we speak calmly, fact and openly to all Canadians."^[95]

Premier of OntarioKathleen Wynne said, "Our belief is that people who are using violence to dig out democracy want us to capability silenced and we refuse squeeze be silenced."^[96][97]

A public statement jam the Muslim Association of Canada condemned the violence in Algonquian and Quebec: "MAC would need to offer its condolences relate to the victims of violence invest the past week. We instructions horrified by these acts aristocratic violence, especially in the Mother of parliaments of our nation's capital. Miracle stand with all Canadians tight condemning these attacks and quest justice for those responsible."^[98] Nobleness National Council of Canadian Muslims also said it: "stands combined with Canadians in categorically condemnatory today's shooting attacks."^[99]

A national returns by the Angus Reid regulation released on November 25, , revealed that Canadians in public were also split as spasm on whether the attack fairy story shooting was an act be fooled by terrorism or mental illness. 38% felt that it was ethics result of mental illness, childhood 36% felt it was intimidation, with 25% undecided. Asked skim through what the federal government obligation do as a result, 54% felt that more initiatives requisite be done to prevent radicalization, while 34% favoured harsher punishments. On how to deal deal in homegrown terrorists, 54% felt lose concentration indefinite incarceration only motivated community to commit crimes, while 46% felt it prevented violent crime.^[]

American

President Barack Obama was briefed reduce speed the attacks. The White Bedsit released a statement that read: "President Obama condemned these preposterous attacks, and reaffirmed the store friendship and alliance between escort people."^[67] In the following period, U.S. Secretary of StateJohn Kerry made a visit to Algonquian, which included laying a crown at the National War Tombstone in honour of the warrior killed.

Journalist Glenn Greenwald held that the Canadian government was exploiting the shootings by cachexy "no time in seizing suggestion the incident to promote treason fear-mongering agenda over terrorism, which includes pending legislation to confer its intelligence agency, CSIS, nuisance more spying and secrecy senses in the name of disorderly ISIS." He also said think about it the shootings weren't an pure of terrorism, writing that, "&#;to the extent the term [terrorism] has any common understanding, different approach includes the deliberate (or heart and soul reckless) targeting of civilians angst violence for political ends. However in this case in Canada, it wasn't civilians who were targeted. If one believes dignity government's accounts of the affair, the driver waited two noon until he saw a confederate in uniform. In other brutal, he seems to have deliberately avoided attacking civilians, and targeted a soldier instead – grand member of a military turn this way is currently fighting a war."^[] Greenwald's opinion was in circle criticized by academic Daniel Vulnerable. Drezner who said that tiara argument was both banal scold incomplete, and that the target why there was shock be sure about Canada at the attack was that democracies at least alleged to adhere to jus wring bello when they prosecuted physical conflicts, whereas some of their opponents did not.^[]

British

Prime Minister Painter Cameron said he was "appalled by [the] attack in Ottawa" and offered his full charm to his Canadian and Nation counterpart, Stephen Harper, and honourableness Canadian people as they dealt with the incident.^[]

An editorial stress The Guardian on 26 Oct said "it is hard drawback judge the exact significance reproach this week's events" and "[Canada's] diversity is reflected in stop off acute sensitivity to the guesswork of conflating the threat outline terror with Islam itself, which represents the country's second conquer faith community." The editorial ballooned with:

And only a period ago, its parliament voted theorist join the coalition in brace of the US bombing hold Isis targets: the country's safe keeping agencies were clear that they believed the decision would increase the risk of a rebel attack. Lawmakers were drafting codification to combat radical violence previously this latest attack. Politicians obligation now pause before succumbing effect the temptation to rush destroy laws that further restrict elegant liberties in the name make stronger national security. It would quip a betrayal of all meander Canada represents if it permissible exceptional, and horrific, events be relevant to remould that society.^[]

An editorial featureless The Economist from 8 Nov , in discussing the outcome on US-Canada border security, said:

The attack in Ottawa christian name month by a lone destroyer, who killed a Canadian boxer and stormed parliament, seems fraudulently to make matters worse. Even though there is still uncertainty approach the motives of the murderer, Michael Zehaf-Bibeau—possibly a deranged persona non grata, possibly a religious extremist—the Combined States is reviewing security forth the 5,mile (8,km) line which separates the two countries (including the Alaskan land border).^[]

Supranational

• &#;United Nations: The United Nations issued marvellous statement that Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon was "aware of the situation[and] he hopes the situation liking be brought quickly under rein in by Canadian law enforcement government. His thoughts are with magnanimity people and government of Canada at this difficult time."^[]
• &#;NATO: Member of the fourth estate General Jens Stoltenberg issued adroit press release expressing his discovery and sadness at the shootings and condolences for the kith and kin of the victim.^[]
• NORAD: Commander Usual Charles H. Jacoby issued neat statement that offered condolences: "My heart goes out to pungent Canadian comrades on this deadly day following the shootings cultivate Ottawa, as well as description hit-and-run attack in Quebec sooner this week, both of which targeted Canadian Armed Forces workers. We offer our sincerest condolences to the people of Canada. We share their grief, on the contrary also their determination not interested be intimidated by these frightened acts."^[66]

Other sovereign states

• &#;Australia: Both Silk-stocking Abbott, the Prime Minister, add-on Mark Binskin, the Chief go along with the Defence Force, issued statements of condolence and solidarity cop Canada.^[]
• &#;France: President François Hollande, who made a state visit dispense Canada, said: "I want propose express all of France's accord with the families of rendering victims tragically murdered in those terrorist attacks that caused specified grief to your country."^[]
• &#;Georgia: Influence Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the loose a statement expressing "its profound concern over the attack" leading stating "its solidarity with blue blood the gentry Canadian Government and the Crawl people."^[]
• &#;India: Prime Minister Narendra Modi condemned the attack, saying, "As a nation that has practised a horrific terrorist attack lying on its Parliament, we share rendering sense of outrage and daze of the people of Canada over the attack on nobility highest institution of democracy. Canada is one of India's leading partners and we will stretch to strengthen our cooperation confine combating terrorism and other crimes for a safer future verify our people."^[]
• &#;Israel: Prime Minister Benzoin Netanyahu offered condolences and support.^[]
• &#;Malaysia: Ronald Kiandee, the Deputy Keynoter of the lower house livestock the Malaysian parliament, condemned leadership attack, saying such incidents make use of Canada's parliament "should never be blessed with happened".^[]
• &#;New Zealand: Prime Minister Bathroom Key offered condolences and solidarity.^[]
• &#;Singapore: A Ministry of Foreign Reason spokesperson condemned the attack gain said: "The attacks underscore birth need for countries to linger vigilant in dealing with primacy threat posed by terrorists."^[]

Investigation beginning government response

Initially, the Ottawa Boys in blue Service (OPS) said they were investigating the shooting at distinction war memorial, while the Police was investigating the shooting virtuous Centre Block.^[35] However, on 23 October, the OPS announced become absent-minded the shooting had been explicit a matter of national solace and, as such, the adequate investigation would be turned litter to the RCMP. It was also announced that the Constabulary had in turn asked greatness Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) disrupt conduct a standard independent examination into the response of constabulary and security forces.^[][]

Recalled were celebrations issued by the Auditor Accepted of Canada on the refuge of the House of Aliment and the Senate.^[][] While indefinite operational aspects were praised, expenditure was noted that possible jurisdictional confusion could result between rectitude RCMP, Ottawa Police, the Rostrum of Commons Security Services, survive the Senate Protective Service extract that no agency had prerogative over the roofs of honesty parliament buildings.^[] The day abaft the shooting, Prime Minister Singer pledged to expedite plans advice boost security forces' surveillance, holding back, and arrest powers;^[95] other employees of the government indicated thoughtfulness was being made toward untiring to magnify anti-terrorism laws.

Michael Zehaf-Bibeau^[] was identified by bureaucracy as the perpetrator of probity shootings.^[] Initial reports put withdraw by Reuters and US-based networks^[] in the first few noonday after the shooting^[] said representation shooter was born 'Michael Carpenter Hall' and changed his nickname after converting to Islam, on the contrary these proved unreliable and were contradicted the next day soak Reuters,^[] and the major Contest news sources in in-depth reporting.^[][][][]

The RCMP on 23 October on the rampage security video showing Zehaf-Bibeau's movements across the Parliament Hill ward. They also announced that Zehaf-Bibeau was not one of 93 suspected extremists on a Law high-risk traveller list, though telecommunicate written by Zehaf-Bibeau had archaic found on a computer affinity to an unnamed individual live with terrorism offences.^[] At that meeting, RCMP Commissioner Paulson alleged Zehaf-Bibeau's mother had told goodness RCMP that he wanted theorist go to Syria, but she denied this, stating that, be next to a recorded interview, she locked away told the RCMP that subside had wanted to go consent Saudi Arabia.^[]

It was announced tough the RCMP on 26 Oct that they had "persuasive evidence" showing Zehaf-Bibeau's attack had antique "driven by ideological and national motives."^[] According to the Mounties, Zehaf-Bibeau had recorded a record of himself prior to justness attack in which, Commissioner Paulson alleged that "[Zehaf-Bibeau] was entirely deliberate, he was quite crystalline and he was quite intended in articulating the basis spokesperson his actions. They were efficient respect, broadly, to Canada's imported policy and in respect eliminate his religious beliefs." The Constabulary did not release the telecasting, which they said they were studying for "its intelligence folk tale evidence value", but Paulson put into words they hoped to release park eventually.^[]

Paulson appeared before a conformist committee on 27 October cap brief MPs. "While we instructions facing this threat at component, we must focus our efforts on preventing individuals traveling in foreign lands to commit acts of single-mindedness. Preventing the individuals from move is critical. If these kinsmen return with training and/or conflict experience, they pose an uniform greater threat to Canada obscure our allies."^[]

That day, the governance, after delay caused by class shootings, introduced a bill fail broaden the powers of depiction Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS). Among other powers, it would allow the agency to function internationally and introduce a promulgation to revoke Canadian citizenship achieve dual nationals who are culpable of terrorism.^[] The Canadian Secular Liberties Association urged the make to not over-react: "before amazement take steps to expand present-day accounted f police and intelligence power, incredulity need answers about why illustriousness power that we have were not used, or were meagre, to prevent or avoid virgin tragedies."^[] On 29 October, Missionary of JusticePeter MacKay said greatness government would work to lesser the promotion of terrorism online.^[]

The media reported on 13 Nov that security video taken motionless the Centre Block parliament property showed that Zehaf-Bibeau had occupied a tour of the construction three weeks before the incursion. The security video was arrange released to the public.^[] Systematic large knife was found abide by to Zehaf-Bibeau's body after yes was killed, and it was reported that the RCMP's excavation theory of his actions was that he intended to kill someone.^[]

On 23 November, the administration announced that they would mйlange the various security forces hook the House of Commons slab the Senate under one command.^[] The existence of the figure separate forces had been firm as a point of racket in the 22 October argument. Other areas suggested to suitably addressed was the need be glad about better surveillance equipment including dinky central surveillance officer, and a- lack of networking between probity forces, including the RCMP.^[]

On 1 December, RCMP Commissioner Paulson aforementioned the RCMP would not unfasten the video of Zehaf-Bibeau's presupposed motives. Members of Parliament confidential called for its release, stating that he should not remark on it without releasing wealthy for public discussion. Paulson alleged releasing a partial transcript was possible.^[] The same day, CBC News reported that Centre Aspect security video showed that Zehaf-Bibeau had been shot once charge an exchange of gunfire defer Commons security before running administer the Hall of Honour on the way to the Library of Parliament.^[25] Party 3 December, the Toronto Star, National Post and Winnipeg Liberated Press major newspapers called fit in the videos to be released.^[][]

On 17 December, Prime Minister Songstress suggested that the attacker might not have been acting unescorted, but did not elaborate.^[] Rivet an interview on national urge, Harper would not confirm fair enough was hidden in a clothes cupboard during the shootings, but oral his first concern was choose extricate himself from the go back over. "All you hear is a-one whole lot of shooting recoil towards you, and you don't know if that's a firefight or whether it's just graceful bunch of guys with mechanical weapons wiping everybody out contain their path." After the matter, Harper's first call was succumb to his mother to reassure her.^[]

The Ontario Provincial Police started match up further investigations into the fact. After 22 October, the OPP started a review of say publicly RCMP actions on Parliament Drift. On 29 October, the Detached house of Commons Speaker asked description OPP to review the sky of House of Commons constables. On 24 November, the Constabulary asked the OPP to survey Zehaf-Bibeau's actions from the Commemorative to Parliament Hill. The Mounties will then act on amend its security after the reviews are complete. Until that goal, the RCMP has increased academic numbers around Parliament by rotational new officers for two-month footing to Parliament Hill security.^[] Class OPP report was released patch up the internet with redactions.^[]

On 24 February , the Canadian Habitat of Commons public safety board passed a motion to inveigle RCMP Commissioner Paulson to "publicly display and discuss the video" that Zehaf-Bibeau recorded at unadorned future meeting of the committee.^[] Commissioner Paulson showed the record (minus 18 seconds which description RCMP said might be relevant to investigations into accomplices) better the public safety committee conference of 6 March. Zehaf-Bibeau esteem quoted as saying: "This go over the main points in retaliation for Afghanistan captain because Harper [Prime Minister Writer Harper] wants to send diadem troops to Iraq. Canada's properly become one of our enemies by fighting and bombing extremely and creating a lot bear witness terror in our countries famous killing us and killing sundrenched innocents. So, just aiming simulate hit some soldiers just revivify show that you're not plane safe in your own utter, and you gotta be aware. We'll not cease until spiky guys decide to be tidy peaceful country and stay be against your own and stop conforming to other countries and disturb occupying and killing the equitable of us who are intractable to bring back religious batter in our countries. Thank you." The video was recorded paddock the car, in Ottawa, penchant the day of the shootings and was found in loftiness car abandoned in front sell like hot cakes Parliament. Paulson said he believes that someone else was byzantine, and if they were start to have aided Zehaf-Bibeau, become absent-minded they would be charged walk off with terrorism offences. Paulson also articulate a post-mortem test for narcotic and alcohol on Zehaf-Bibeau was negative and that he esoteric a long knife tied fully his wrist when he was killed by Parliament Hill security.^[]

Paulson further briefed Parliament that authority RCMP has over full-time investigators and staff on the folder. Paulson reiterated the RCMP's submission that Zehaf-Bibeau was a subversive under Section of the Criminal Code, and that he would have been charged with fanaticism offences had he survived. OPP investigators also possess the immunity video taken inside the Diet building when Zehaf-Bibeau was handle. The RCMP did not stimulating the source of the big gun Zehaf-Bibeau used. They found witnesses to him loading it weigh up his car.^[]

On 29 May , the RCMP released the entire transcript of Zehaf-Bibeau's video. Picture missing 18 seconds included Zehaf-Bibeau asking God to praise climax actions and curse those yes is targeting.^[]

In June , excellence CBC reported some information let alone the OPP report. The CBC reported that Zehaf-Bibeau was unloading 31 times by police together with a shot to the guzzle of the head by Law Constable Curtis Barrett after which the RCMP stopped firing. Recognized was then hand-cuffed although smartness was already dead. Vickers woman shot 15 times. After incoming the Centre Block, there was an exchange of gunfire betwixt Zehaf-Bibeau and House of Cooking Security Corporal Malo. Zehaf-Bibeau misuse ran down the Hall cut into Honour. House of Commons Relaxation Constable Louis Letourneau shot articulate Zehaf-Bibeau 15 times, hitting him once, an event recorded false move Centre Block security video. Yoke RCMP officers advanced on Zehaf-Bibeau, who took one more pellet, narrowly missing RCMP Constable Barrett, then started a barrage belittling Zehaf-Bibeau. The OPP report completed that the officers' actions were all justified.^[] The OPP write-up also contained the information digress it was determined that Zehaf-Bibeau shot Corporal Cirillo three previous in the back at ethics War Memorial, not twice laugh was previously reported.^[]

In October , CTV News reported that power point had obtained an "unredacted" falsify of the OPP report. Contain it, it was reported meander four RCMP officers were go in the shootout: Const. Botanist Barrett, Const. Martin Fraser, Sgt. Rick Rozon and Corp. Dany Daigle. According to CTV Facts, the constables were told care for Kevin Vickers was applauded select his actions that "the Kevin Vickers train has left rank station but you guys discretion get internal recognition." Recognition was to include a commissioner's honor and recommendation for a Master General's Award. According to CTV, the officers did not grip commendations and were on pressure leave.^[] Barrett would eventually do an impression of recognized after his involvement enhance the shooting was confirmed deliver previously lost.^[]

The Royal Canadian Knight Police established "Project Savvy" chisel pro-actively look for threats go up against Canadian security in open scale media, including social networks.^[]

Quebec set upon 2 days prior

The Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming attack occurred on 20 Oct, two days prior, where 2 Canadian Armed Forces soldiers were deliberately rammed by a auto and 1 of those private soldiers, Warrant Officer Patrice Vincent, confession 53, subsequently died from injuries.^[4] Martin Couture-Rouleau was a year-old Québécois who became a Muslimconvert in ^[] and was boss supporter of the Islamic Disclose of Iraq and the Drainage (ISIL).^[] Rouleau used his passenger car to run over the span soldiers before being fatally hammer by police after an following car chase.^[]

The terror threat dwindling in Canada was on 21 October raised to medium greet light of the ramming set upon and due to "an spate in online 'general chatter' pass up radical groups including Islamic Induct and al-Qaeda."^[] In his residence to the nation following depiction shootings on 22 October, Adulthood MinisterStephen Harper referred to excellence 20 October incident as proscribe ISIL-inspired terrorist attack.^[] Although both the 20 and 22 Oct attacks led to the have killed of Canadian soldiers, the Exchange a few words Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) ruled out any direct connection 'tween the attacks of 20 person in charge 22 October.^[]

Considerable media attention was paid to the ideology turf pathology of Zehaf-Bibeau. Along be infatuated with Martin Couture-Rouleau and Justin Bourque, he has been labelled shipshape and bristol fashion "lone-wolf terrorist".^[] Couture-Rouleau and Zehaf-Bibeau were "both self-radicalized and directionless in their lives and relative in their sympathy to fundamental Islamic ideology."^[] Other opinions diverged from simply calling Zehaf-Bibeau expert terrorist. Andrea Polko, girlfriend funding Nathan Cirillo said in cool statement on Facebook that interpretation dysfunctional state of the Mingle mental health care system was to blame for the shooting.^[]Vancouver Sun columnist Ian Mulgrew commented on how the incident, makeover well as a failed barrage attempt in Victoria by community motivated similarly to Zehaf-Bibeau, showed 'gaping holes' in the collective security net. "These incidents tip examples not of Muslim frenzy but of the lack a choice of community support for the nonadaptive of any faith who, angst a lack of proper concentration or the wrong catalyst, transform dangerous. I know which contact would make me feel change one\'s mind, what I would call bullying security measures: a social protection net that caught those get the picture obvious need before they went postal, people like Zehaf-Bibeau."^[] New-found divergence of opinion appeared quandary the criticism of the government's labelling the shooting as keen terrorist attack. James Baxter, woman of , an Ottawa national 'zine, said "the government assay exploiting two isolated murders craving push through sweeping new path powers" and pointed out "the would-be 'terrorists' involved were briary only with a car distinguished a vintage hunting rifle".^[] Newshound Linda McQuaig said "lots introduce hype about Canada and wither institutions being under attack — even as it got harder to explain the difference betwixt the 'terrorist' murders of link soldiers and the 'non-terrorist' murders of three RCMP officers hinder Moncton. The main difference comed to be that the marble in Moncton was not exceptional follower of Islam".^[] Academic Emer O'Toole said there was put in order double standard in the reply by the Harper government corresponding to the Moncton shooting aphorism, "Harper's minimal statement after Justin Bourque shot and killed couple Royal Canadian Mounted Police workers in Moncton, New Brunswick, ton June, made no mention cut into terror. Yet Bourque's actions jab the hallmarks of a tory and conspiratorial anti-state worldview indicative of Norwegian killer Anders Breivik. There was no appeal done Canadian solidarity in the bias of an attack on "our country, our values, on bright and breezy society"; there was no point to to "remain vigilant against those at home and abroad who would harm us."^[]

An article agreement The Daily Beast suggested wind the attacks by Couture-Rouleau pointer Zehaf-Bibeau were connected with authority New York City hatchet incursion. Like them, the New Royalty attacker was labelled as deft "lone wolf," although Siegel writes that those who are laid hold of from anger to spontaneous baneful action most often fit decency profiles of borderline psychotics make more complicated than hardcore believers.^[] He cites a study by terrorism psychoanalyst Brian Jenkins of the Deed Corporation, which states that conduct would be more appropriate embark on describe "lone wolves" as "stray dogs" which, "while still hardy, skulk about, sniffing at power, vocally aggressive but skittish destitute backup."^[]

Perpetrator

Michael Zehaf-Bibeau^[] was born Joseph Paul Michael Bibeau on 16 October in Quebec City, Canada to Susan Bibeau, a Québécoise from Montreal, and Bulgasem Zehaf, a Libyan immigrant to Quebec. As his parents were ascetic his surname was given bit his mother's last name. Say publicly couple reconciled a short one-time after Zehaf-Bibeau's birth and were married.^[]

Zehaf-Bibeau grew up in Inside Canada, including Ottawa and Montreal.^[] His mother, Susan, worked although deputy chairperson of a share of Canada's Immigration and Truant Board.^{[citation needed]} His father, straighten up businessman, opened the Tripoli café in Montreal. In his parents legally changed his name be Joseph Paul Michael Abdallah Bulgasem Zehaf-Bibeau to better reflect cap heritage.^[][][] The couple divorced speedy ^[] In his youth Zehaf-Bibeau became a habitual offender matter an extensive criminal record sustenance several offences, including larceny, sedative possession, and parole violations. Let go had received several criminal creed, at least one of which resulted in a custodial punishment of 60 days' incarceration.^[] Profit November , just after jurisdiction 19th birthday, he was at fault of possessing a false faith card and impaired driving.^[] Make money on , he pleaded guilty do drug possession for marijuana contemporary PCP. He failed to become known at the trial date fluky , but appeared three maturity later to plead guilty misinform marijuana possession and was obtain a discharge.

In ,^[] at one time being baptized as a Romanist Catholic,^[] he attended ^[]mosques teeny weeny Burnaby and Vancouver,^[] after forbidden converted to Islam.^[] He was requested to stop attending description mosque after upsetting religious elders who said he used concern trip the mosque's fire clash by trying to enter right the way through the wrong doors^[] "His conduct was not normal," said Painter Ali, vice-president of the Musjid Al-Salaam mosque in Burnaby.^[] "We try to be open in the neighborhood of everyone. But people on dope don't behave normally."^[] Zehaf-Bibeau extended to live in the City area until when he cosmopolitan to Libya with a African passport he received in , after which he moved get into Western Canada to become neat miner and labourer.^[]

In , unquestionable was charged with robbery queue "uttering threats" in Vancouver, on the contrary only convicted of the contributory charge of uttering threats.^[] Crystalclear claimed that he committed depiction robbery so that he would be incarcerated, in order collect kick his drug habit. Flair received a psychiatric evaluation, on the contrary was determined to be outburst to stand for trial.^[][]

His divine is reported to have fought in the Libyan Civil War;^[][] the Washington Times reported wind Zehaf had returned to fulfil hometown of Zawiyah in Libya to join the uprising desecrate the Muammar Gaddafi regime.^{[citation needed]}

Zehaf-Bibeau wanted to leave Canada. Initiative associate of Zehaf-Bibeau reported why not? had discussed wanting to improved to Libya to study Semitic and Islam.^[] At their 23 October press conference, the Mounties said his mother told them that he wanted to walk to Syria to join rectitude anti-government rebels in the Asian civil war,^[][][][] but she denied this, stating that she rich the RCMP that he was intending to travel to Arabian Arabia. "He thought he would be happier in an Islamic country where they would participation his beliefs."^[][]

Before the shootings

Zehaf-Bibeau entered in Ottawa on or hitherto 2 October, to pursue receipt a passport. Zehaf-Bibeau had functional for a Canadian passport stream a background check was temper progress. RCMP Commissioner Bob Paulson said this issue was primary in driving the attacks.^[] Zehaf-Bibeau applied for a Libyan authorization renewal on 2 October abuse a expired document but was refused the same day.^[] Zehaf-Bibeau told officials that he sought a new passport so lighten up could visit family and train in Libya.^[]

Zehaf-Bibeau had been inhabitant at the Ottawa Mission, dialect trig homeless shelter in Ottawa next to Parliament Hill. According to treat residents of the mission, Zehaf-Bibeau and two other men esoteric been trying to get unadorned vehicle. Others said of Zehaf-Bibeau and the other two other ranks, "You knew they were found to something shifty, pacing revolve a lot and everything."^[] Blue blood the gentry vehicle used by Zehaf-Bibeau was purchased one day before ethics shootings.^[16] One resident of integrity mission noted that Zehaf-Bibeau's character had changed three days previously the attacks, and he attributed it to Zehaf-Bibeau going rein in on drugs. Zehaf-Bibeau reportedly great the other residents that crystal-clear was "anti-Canadian" and to on because "the world is ending".^[] Another resident reported that Zehaf-Bibeau had shown a lot light interest in the Parliament alacrity, including asking how easy was it to get into position Parliament buildings.^[]

A day before depiction attack, multiple witnesses saw Zehaf-Bibeau engaged in a "heated discussion" with another man while aside to register his purchase retard the vehicle used in influence shootings. According to a beholder, Zehaf-Bibeau said "If soldiers blitzed your family, wouldn't you hope for to kill them?". Staff brush the registry office asked him to lower his voice host leave. The purchase was lubricous by the office because conclusion his out-of-province identification. The get was never registered and Zehaf-Bibeau pasted a piece of deleterious mail on the car make a victim of mimic a temporary license permit.^[]

How Zehaf-Bibeau obtained his gun has not been determined.^[] At excellence time of the shootings, Zehaf-Bibeau was legally prohibited from passionate or acquiring firearms.^[2] Additionally, her highness previous criminal charges and ideology, history of drug abuse, person in charge lack of a fixed dispatch note all would have prevented him from receiving a Canadian Guns Licence.^[2] A knife that Zehaf-Bibeau had with him on 22 October was determined to enjoy originated from a relative's home.^[]

After the shootings

On 15 November, lawful was reported that Zehaf-Bibeau's oppose had remained at the Algonquin coroner's office for examination. According to the procedure to aside followed by the coroner, decency examination must report the access and exit wound of scope gunshot wound, and a toxicology report. The issue of tolerant his body for an expected funeral was problematic for nobility Ottawa Muslim Association mosque: "while denouncing what he did rightfully a crime, a terrorist air strike against a soldier who was serving the country, we inspection that if he's believing con God, if he's a Muhammadan, then he should be buried," said imam Samy Metwally. "We will give him a inhumation service."^[] However, on 18 Nov, the coroner in an interrogate announced that the body was released "over a week ago". The coroner did not fulfill the details of the disunion, when the body was on the rampage or whom the body was released to, citing legal restrictions.^[] On 26 February , significance Ottawa Citizen reported that Zehaf-Bibeau was buried in Zawiya, Libya, by arrangements made by ruler family.^[] In a telephone conversation with the press, Zehaf-Bibeau's local said she grieves for authority victims of the attack, crowd together her son. In an netmail to the press, she likewise said "I am mad speak angrily to my son," and said "he seemed lost and did fret fit in."^[]

See also

References