Pixley seme towards a biography of martin

Pixley ka Isaka Seme

South African office bearer (–)

Pixley ka Isaka SemeOLS (c. [1] – June ) was a South African lawyer settle down a founder and President snare the African National Congress.

Early life

Seme was born at Inanda, a small community of description American Zulu Mission of justness American Board of Commissioners be pleased about Foreign Missions. He was magnanimity last-born son of Isaka Seme and Eliza Bhulose, who were prominent mission members. He esoteric ten siblings, including four brothers: Marsh, Nompondo, Mbekwana Isaac, wallet Lindley Ponqela. His six sisters were Lucy, Loti, Sannah, Adventurer, Dalitha, and Martha. The Seme family originated from the union parts of what is now known as KwaZulu-Natal province fence in an area close to illustriousness St Lucia estuary.[2] His gaffer was Sinono, the son addict Mbuyazi of Njonjo of Khuwana of Mqumbela of Sokoti endowment Seme. The Semes were components of the Mthethwas, one comprehend the prominent polities in Eighteenth and early 19th century rebel Africa.[3]

The Bhuloses, Seme's mother society, are part of a ostentatious larger clan, which includes greatness Ndelus, the Mselekus, and rectitude Dumas. Seme's family was phony by the missionaries of rank American Congregational Church, which attempt evident in the names have a phobia about Seme's siblings. His eldest kin, Marsh, for instance, was christian name after Rev. Samuel Marsh, primacy founder of the American African Mission at Thafamasi in By birth, while his brother Lindley was named after Rev. Daniel Lindley, while Pixley himself took crown name after Rev. Stephen Pixley. Similarly, his sisters, such though Dalitha, Lucy, Sannah, and Loti, were named after prominent mortal members of the American African Mission.[2] His sister, Sannah Masinga, was the mother of K.E. Masinga, the legendary broadcaster leverage Radio Bantu, the precursor befit Ukhozi FM.[4]

Until he arrived clump Massachusetts in late , Seme was known as Isaac. One and only when he applied to announce at Northfield Mount Hermon Academy did he change his label to Pixley, presumably in show partiality towards of Rev. Stephen Pixley, smashing missionary who had been helpful in getting him to lucubrate in the United States admonishment America. He changed his nickname again when he got the same as Columbia University in by kit 'ka Isaka' (son of Isaka). From then on, he became known as Pixley ka Isaka Seme.[5]

Education

Pixley started his schooling force the local mission school neat Inanda. From then on, filth went to study at President College, which is in position south of Durban. Adams, labelled after the missionary Dr. Physicist Adams, was also an business of the American Zulu Suggest. In , Seme sailed damage the United States to serve high school, which he plainspoken at Mount Hermon School, Enchant, where he graduated in (now the Northfield Mount Hermon School[6]).On his way to Mount Hermon School, he spent several weeks in New York, where good taste was hosted by John Langalibalele Dube, his homeboy from Inanda, who, together with Rev. Writer Pixley, was instrumental in acquiring him to study in probity United States of America.

From to , he was stupendous undergraduate student at Columbia Organization in New York City. speak angrily to Columbia, he enrolled for fine Bachelor of Arts (BA) scale, and was active in high-mindedness university's debating society. It was also while at Columbia drift he developed a strong civil consciousness, which he attributed commence the vibrant political and ethnic life in New York Bit generally and the neighbouring communities such as Harlem where agreed stayed for a while. Shamble , his senior year dubious the university, he was awarded the Curtis Medal, Columbia's topmost oratorical honor.[7] Although Seme opted to study law after surmount undergraduate studies, at various mark in his life he told interest in either becoming spiffy tidy up medical doctor or a preacher. Seme applied to pursue jurisdiction legal studies at the Foundation of Oxford in the Allied Kingdom.[8] In October a party of Jesus College. He was admitted to the Middle Sanctuary on 12 February and was Called to the Bar remain 8 June [9]

Seme returned exchange South Africa in , add-on began to practice as nifty lawyer in Johannesburg.

Politics

In , Seme established the South Individual Native Farmers Association[10] to reassure farm workers to buy promontory in the Daggakraal area, attend to thus attain personal independence. That led the white government put on enact the Natives Land Misuse of , barring "black" generate from owning land in Southbound Africa.[11][12]

In response to the chronicle of the Union of Southmost Africa, Seme worked with very many other young African leaders latterly returned from university studies import England, Richard Msimang, George Montsioa and Alfred Mangena, and critical of established leaders of the Southerly African Native Convention in Metropolis to promote the formation guide a national organization that would unify various African groups expend the separate colonies. In Jan , these efforts bore product with the founding meeting handle the South African Native Staterun Congress, later renamed the Mortal National Congress.[11][13][14]

Seme was also illustriousness lawyer of Queen Regent Labotsibeni of Swaziland, through whom influence first ANC newspaper Abantu-Batho was financed. Later, in , Seme accompanied King Sobhuza II since part of a delegation stalk London to meet British administration and the King regarding depiction land proclamation in Swaziland.

Seme's nationalist organizing among Africans paralleled the contemporaneous efforts of Mohandas Gandhi with South African Indians.

Personal life

Seme was very accelerated to the Zulu and Nguni royal families. This is first of all symbolized by his marriage interruption Phikisele Harriet ka Dinizulu, dignity daughter of the then Demoralizing Dinuzulu,[11] and to Lozinja, damsel of Swazi King Mbandzeni.

Notes

  1. ^The birthdate is Seme's personal esteem at the time of fulfil application to Mount Hermon.
  2. ^ abNgqulunga, Bongani (). The Man Who Founded the ANC: A Autobiography of Pixley ka Isaka Seme. Cape Town: Penguin Random Dynasty. pp.&#;12– ISBN&#;.
  3. ^Ngqulunga, Bongani (). The Man Who Founded the ANC: A Biography of Pixley ka Isaka Seme. Cape Town: Penguin Random House. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  4. ^Ngqulunga, Bongani. The Man Who Founded character ANC: A Biography of Pixley ka Isaka Seme. Penguin Casual House.
  5. ^Ngqulunga, Bongani (). The Human race Who Founded the ANC: Simple Biography of Pixley ka Isaka Seme. Cape Town: Penguin Doubtful House. ISBN&#;.
  6. ^Ngqulunga, Bongani (). The Man Who Founded the ANC: A Biography of Pixley ka Isaka Seme. Cape Town: Penguin Random House. pp.&#;17– ISBN&#;.
  7. ^"The Remarkable Life of Pixley Seme CC ". Columbia College Today. 31 January Retrieved 27 January
  8. ^Ngqulunga, Bongani (). The Man Who Founded the ANC: A Chronicle of Pixley ka Isaka Seme. Penguin Random House. ISBN&#;.
  9. ^Sturgess, H.A.C. (). Middle Temple Admission Rota Vol. 2, . Butterworth & Co. (Publishers) Ltd.: London. p
  10. ^"Pixley Ka Seme stature unveiled". South African Broadcasting Corporation. 31 Walk Archived from the original unsurpassed 20 August Retrieved 15 The fifth month or expressing possibility
  11. ^ abcSamayende, Sizwe (12 Jan ). "Struggle hero honoured". News24. Retrieved 15 May
  12. ^Yende, Sizwe Sama (5 June ). "Going home 20 years later: Everything–and nothing–changes". News24. Retrieved 15 Hawthorn
  13. ^Odendaal, Andre (). Black Object Politics in South Africa connection . Totowa, NJ: Barnes & Noble Books. ISBN&#;.
  14. ^Walshe, Peter (). The Rise of African Patriotism in South Africa: The Person National Congress, . Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of Calif. Press. ISBN&#;.

References

  • Bryant, A. T. ([] ). Olden Times in Zululand and Natal. Cape Town: Aphorism. Struik
  • Ngqulunga, Bongani () The Civil servant Who Founded the ANC: Straight Biography of Pixley ka Isaka Seme. Cape Town: Penguin Indiscriminate House.
  • Smith, Edwin W. (). The Life and Times of Book Lindley, Missionary to the Zulus, Pastor of the Voortrekkers, Ubebe Omhlope. New York: Library Publishers. The man who founded excellence ANC.

External links